Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF1) and Its Isoforms: Insights into the Mechanisms of Endometrial Cancer

Abstract

Metabolic conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and insulin resistance, combined with hormonal imbalances, can disrupt the body’s natural growth regulation systems, including the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) pathway. These disruptions significantly increase the risk of endometrial cancer (EC), a cancer that develops in the lining of the uterus. This review delves into the roles of IGF1 and its variants; IGF1-Ea, IGF1-Eb, and IGF1-Ec, and their interactions with hormones like oestrogen in driving tumour growth and spread. By unravelling these connections, we aim to identify innovative strategies for preventing and treating this cancer, bringing hope for improved patient outcomes and advancing research in hormone-driven cancers.