ALIRAN GAYA PELAT TANGGA KE BALOK-KOLOM: KOMPARASI SKEMA FREE-STANDING VS BEARING DAN EVALUASI KAPASITAS PELAT TANGGA PADA BEBAN GRAVITASI

  • Aulia G
  • Abduloh K
  • Setiyarto Y
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Abstract

Construction sequence mismatches in stairwells often necessitate connecting stair slabs to the primary structure after it has already been erected. One practical on-site solution is the use of chemical anchors on the landing beam (edge beam), which interacts with the existing column. This study compares two behavioral schemes: (i) free-standing, where the stair slab spans between floor slabs without relying on the landing beam–column system; and (ii) bearing, where the slab edge rests on the landing beam anchored to the column. Numerical modeling was conducted using SAP2000, employing shell elements for the stair slab and link elements to represent joint stiffness. Gravity loads were defined according to SNI 1727:2020, while flexural–shear capacity evaluations of the slab followed SNI 2847:2019. The observed outputs included bending moment M11, shear V13, service deflection, link reactions, and local forces on the landing beam and column at the drilling zone. Comparative results show that the free-standing scheme reduces force transfer to the column but increases the demand on the stair slab; conversely, the bearing scheme decreases deflection and slab bending moments but raises anchor reactions and local column forces. In the case study, the design flexural capacity φMn of the slab approached but slightly fell below the demand Mu, while the serviceability deflection limit was satisfied. Therefore, the recommendation is conditional: the free-standing scheme is feasible if φMn ≥ Mu and deflection requirements are met; otherwise, slab strengthening or a shift to the bearing scheme with adequate anchor design is required. These findings provide a practical decision-making basis for projects involving non-monolithic stair connections.Ketidaksinkronan urutan konstruksi pada ruang tangga kerap memunculkan kebutuhan menghubungkan pelat tangga ke struktur utama yang telah terbangun. Salah satu solusi lapangan ialah penggunaan chemical anchor pada balok bordes (balok tepi) yang berinteraksi dengan kolom eksisting. Studi ini membandingkan dua skema perilaku: (i) free-standing, ketika pelat tangga membentang antara pelat lantai tanpa bergantung pada balok bordes–kolom; dan (ii) bearing, ketika tepi pelat ditumpukan pada balok bordes yang diikat ke kolom melalui anchor. Pemodelan numerik menggunakan SAP2000 memanfaatkan elemen shell untuk pelat tangga serta link untuk representasi kekakuan sambungan. Beban gravitasi mengacu pada SNI 1727:2020, sedangkan evaluasi kapasitas lentur–geser pelat mengikuti SNI 2847:2019. Luaran yang diamati meliputi momen M11, geser V13, lendutan layan, reaksi link, serta gaya lokal pada balok bordes dan kolom di zona pengeboran. Hasil komparasi menunjukkan free-standing menurunkan aliran gaya menuju kolom namun meningkatkan tuntutan pada pelat tangga; sebaliknya bearing mengurangi lendutan dan momen pelat tangga tetapi menaikkan reaksi anchor dan gaya lokal kolom. Pada studi kasus, kapasitas rencana φMn pelat mendekati tetapi sedikit di bawah Mu, sementara batas lendutan layan terpenuhi; karenanya rekomendasi bersifat bersyarat: skema free-standing layak jika φMn ≥ Mu dan lendutan memenuhi, jika tidak perlu penguatan pelat tangga atau beralih ke bearing dengan desain anchor yang memadai. Temuan ini menyediakan dasar pengambilan keputusan praktis pada proyek dengan ketidakmonolitan sambungan tangga.

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Aulia, G. S., Abduloh, K. N., & Setiyarto, Y. D. (2025). ALIRAN GAYA PELAT TANGGA KE BALOK-KOLOM: KOMPARASI SKEMA FREE-STANDING VS BEARING DAN EVALUASI KAPASITAS PELAT TANGGA PADA BEBAN GRAVITASI. CRANE: Civil Engineering Research Journal, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.34010/crane.v6i2.17844

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