Marietta leopardina (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) and Aprostocetus (Aprostocetus) sp. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) are obligate hyperparasitoids of Tamarixia radiata (Eulophidae) and Diaphorencyrtus aligarhensis (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)

Abstract

Marietta leopardina and Aprostocetus (Aprostocetus) sp. that emerged from Diaphorina citri nymphs collected from the Pakistani Punjab and exposed in quarantine to D. citri nymphs parasitized by Tamarixia radiata or Diaphorencyrtus aligarhensis successfully emerged from both of these primary parasitoids. Marietta leopardina and A. (Aprostocetus) sp. did not reproduce on unparasitized D. citri nymphs. These exposure experiments confirmed that M. leopardina and A. (Aprostocetus) sp. are obligatory hyperparasitoids of T. radiata and D. aligarhensis in the Diaphorina-Tamarixia-Diaphorencyrtus system.