Los estresores psicosociales se asocian a síndrome hipertensivo del embarazo y/o síntomas de parto prematuro en el embarazo adolescente

Abstract

Objective: To identify support and stress psychosocial factors in pregnant adolescents and to establish association between those factors and the presence or absence of hypertensive syndrome of pregnancy (HSP) and/or symptoms of preterm birth (SPB). Method: Case-control study. The sample consisted of 146 puerperal adolescent women stratified in two groups: with and without HSP and/or SPB during gestation. In order to describe the variables, an exploratory analysis of data was carried out using median. To compare these mean values, Mann-Whitney test was applied. For the analysis of the inferential variables X 2 test or Cramer's V coefficient was applied. To determine the risk of HSP and/or SPB, the Odds Ratio (OR) was calculated. Results: Psychosocial stressors associated with the presence of HSP and/or SPB are: economic problems (OR: 2.46 [1.20 - 5.80]), presence of family psychological aggression (OR: 4.65 [ 1.99 -11.30]), presence of a stressful event and/or depression (OR: 2.84 [1.36 - 5.98]), presence of disease and/or hospitalization of a relative of the teenager (OR: 6.07 [1.85 - 25.68]), and presence of violence within the home (OR: 4.65 [1.95 -11.69]). The family support is associated with the absence of HSP and/or SPB (p<0.001). Conclusions: Family psychosocial stressors are mainly associated with the presence of HSP and/or SPB, meanwhile family support is a protective factor for these pathologies.