Searching for Minimum in Dependence of Squared Speed-of-Sound on Collision Energy

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Abstract

Experimental results of the rapidity distributions of negatively charged pions produced in proton-proton (p - p) and beryllium-beryllium (Be-Be) collisions at different beam momentums, measured by the NA61/SHINE Collaboration at the super proton synchrotron (SPS), are described by a revised (three-source) Landau hydrodynamic model. The squared speed-of-sound parameter c s 2 is then extracted from the width of rapidity distribution. There is a local minimum (knee point) which indicates a softest point in the equation of state (EoS) appearing at about 40 A GeV/ c (or 8.8 GeV) in c s 2 excitation function (the dependence of c s 2 on incident beam momentum (or center-of-mass energy)). This knee point should be related to the searching for the onset of quark deconfinement and the critical point of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) phase transition.

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Liu, F. H., Gao, L. N., & Lacey, R. A. (2016). Searching for Minimum in Dependence of Squared Speed-of-Sound on Collision Energy. Advances in High Energy Physics, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/9467194

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