Fullerene, Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

The aim of this review is to provide an update on the present status of carbon allotropes, namely fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, with a focus on various structures that result from changes in carbon bonding. These nano-carbons can be categorized as sp2 or sp3-carbon nanomaterials for bond variations. Fullerene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been studied extensively due to their excellent electrical properties for electrical conductors and semiconductors. In addition, graphene has proven to be stable in all normal conditions and is unaffected by mobilities under standard conditions. This review will also help us understand the main features, processes and advancement in studying fullerene, CNTs and graphene. The extraordinary mobility that is extremely sensitive to field effect makes graphene an appealing substitute to CNTs in FET-based applications. Graphene can also be used to produce sensitive sensors and as a coating material.