Efficacy of Local Anesthesia in the Face and Scalp: A Prospective Trial

Abstract

Background: The use of local anesthesia has allowed for the excision and repair of lesions of the head and neck to be done in an office-based setting. There is a gap of knowledge on how surgeons can improve operative flow related to the onset of action. A prospective trial was undertaken to determine the length of time for full anesthesia effect in the head and neck regions. Methods: Consecutive patients undergoing head and neck cutaneous cancer resection over a 3-month period were enrolled in the study. Local anesthesia injection and lesion excision were all done by a single surgeon. All patients received the standard of care of local anesthesia injection. Results: Overall, 102 patients were included in the prospective trial. The upper face took significantly longer (153.54 seconds) compared with the lower face and ears (69.37 and 60.2 seconds, respectively) (P < 0.001) to become fully anesthetized. In addition, there was no significant difference found when adjusting for the amount of local anesthesia used, type, and size of lesion (P > 0.05). Using the time to full anesthesia effect for each local injection, a heat map was generated to show the relative times of the face and scalp to achieve full effect. Conclusions: This prospective trial demonstrated that for the same local anesthetic and concentration, upper forehead and scalp lesions take significantly longer to anesthetize than other lesions in the lower face and ear. This can help surgeons tailor all aspects of their practice, which utilizes local anesthesia to help with patient satisfaction and operative flow.