Preoperative MRI is helpful but not sufficient to detect associated lesions in patients with chronic ankle instability

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans for the detection of additional pathologies in patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI) compared to arthroscopic findings. Methods: Preoperative MRI images of 30 patients were evaluated regarding articular and periarticular comorbidities and compared to intraoperative findings. The reliability of MRI was determined by calculating specificity, sensitivity, as well as positive and negative predictive values. The accuracy of the classification of cartilage lesions by Outerbridge and Berndt and Harty rating scales was determined by calculating the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC). Results: In total, 72 additional pathologies were found arthroscopically compared to 73 lesions gathered from MRI images. Sensitivity ranged from 89% for peroneal tendinopathy to 28% for additional ligamentous lesions. Specificity ranged from 100% for anterolateral impingement, loose bodies and peroneal tendinopathy to 38% for additional ligamentous lesions. For cartilage lesions, sensitivity was at 91% and specificity was at 55% for the Outerbridge grading scale. For the Berndt and Harty classification system, sensitivity was at 91% and specificity was at 28%. Correlation of additional pathologies ranged from weak (rs = 0.48; p = 0.02) to moderate results (rs = 0.67; p < 0.001). Conclusion: CAI is associated with a high incidence of additional pathologies. In some cases, MRI delivers insufficient results, which may lead to misinterpretation of present comorbidities. MRI is a helpful tool for preoperative evaluation, but arthroscopy remains gold standard in the diagnosis of associated lesions in patients with CAI. Level of evidence: III.