Behavioral Patterns and Barriers to Medication Adherence in Older Adults with Diabetes

Abstract

Diabetes is a prevalent chronic condition that significantly impacts older adults worldwide. Effective management of diabetes relies on consistent adherence to prescribed antihyperglycemic medications. However, medication non-adherence remains a challenging issue, resulting in suboptimal glycemic control and increased complications. This study aims to explore behavioral patterns and barriers related to medication use among older adults with diabetes. In-depth interviews were conducted with 18 older adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, who had been actively taking glycemic control medication for at least ten years. The data collection took place in four communities in Bangkok, selected for their accessibility and the presence of individuals using diabetes medications. Through thorough content analysis, various themes related to medication adherence patterns and barriers emerged. The findings of the study revealed poor behavioral patterns, including dosage adjustment, drug discontinuation, and improper medication storage. Key factors hindering medication adherence were physical limitations, such as forgetfulness resulting from Cognitive Decline, visual impairments, and mobility limitations. Additionally, the study identified the physician-patient interaction and a lack of purpose in life as major obstacles to medication adherence. To address these challenges, the study emphasized the importance of providing accessible medication information to aid individuals with visual impairments. Furthermore, practical support, like medication organizers and reminders, effectively improved adherence, helping individuals overcome physical limitations.