Severe tubulointerstitial nephritis: Tracking tuberculosis even in the absence of renal granuloma

Abstract

Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis is frequently located in the kidneys and, in such cases, could be associated with a granulomatous interstitial nephritis. Granulomas are not always detected, especially in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients.We report here a case of tubulointerstitial nephritis without granulomas in an HIV-negative patient. Since all laboratory tests failed to isolate Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the kidney, a targeted biopsy guided by positron emission tomography-computed tomography was performed on a mediastinal node, revealing a positive culture. After 6 months of treatment, no recovery of the renal injury has been observed.