The Interconnected Factors of Emotional Regulation, Trauma, and Substance Use in Non‐Suicidal Self‐Injury: A Case Study and Literature Review

Abstract

Non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI) is a complex and often misunderstood behavior linked to emotional dysregulation, trauma, and substance use. In this case report we present a 19‐year‐old female with a history of childhood trauma and substance use, who engaged in self‐injurious behavior as a coping mechanism to manage distress and maintain sobriety. Through her narrative and clinical course, we explore the multifaceted drivers of NSSI, its diagnostic considerations, and therapeutic interventions including dialectical behavior therapy. This case report underscores the importance of trauma‐informed, individualized care and highlights emerging insights into the neurobiological underpinnings of self‐injury. This case advocates for early recognition, compassionate engagement, and integrated treatment approaches to support recovery. Non‐suicidal self‐injury may serve varied functions for patients, such as emotional regulation, relief from trauma, or substituting the high of substance use. Understanding these underlying motives is crucial for effective and individualized care.