Perbedaan Kadar Hepsidin pada Remaja Putri Anemia dan Non Anemia

Abstract

Anemia dialami oleh 32 % remaja Indonesia, artinya 3-4 dari 10 remaja menderita anemia. Jika anemia pada masa remaja tidak teratasi maka akan berkembang menjadi anemia kehamilan yang berdampak pada outcome ibu dan bayi baru lahir bahkan meningkatkan risiko stunting. Hepsidin adalah hormon kunci yang mengatur homeostasis besi sistemik sebelum besi didistribusikan dan disimpan sebagai cadangan (ferritin). Pengukuran hepsidin mampu membedakan Anemia Penyakit Kronis dan Anemia Defisiensi Besi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan kadar hepcidin antara remaja putri anemia dan non anemia. Penelitian ini berjenis observasional analitik dengan pendekatan komparatif cross sectional. Sampel yang diteliti adalah mahasiswi usia remaja akhir di Universitas Baiturrahmah Padang. Kriteria inklusi: tidak merokok, tidak ada riwayat hemogobinopati, tidak ada riwayat penyakit ginjal, tidak ada riwayat diabetes melitus. Sampel berjumlah 36 orang diambil dengan teknik sekuensial sampling, terdiri dari 18 sampel anemia dan 18 sampel non anemia. Kadar hepsidin merupakan kadar yang diperoleh dari hasil pengukuran serum hepcidin-25 responden yang diukur dengan metode Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA). Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah uji Mann Whitney karena data tidak berdistribusi normal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata kadar hepsidin pada kelompok anemia lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kadar hepsidin pada kelompok non anemia (0,43±0,1 ng/ml vs 0,4,6±0,09 ng/ml. Namun secara statistik Hasil uji menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kadar hepsidin pada kelompok anemia dan kelompok tidak anemia (p=0,43). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kadar hepsidin dengan anemia pada remaja putri. Disarankan agar dilakukan pengembangan penelitian mengenai hepsidin dan biomarker lainnya yang mempengaruhi kerja hepsidin serta perlunya pertimbangan pemeriksaan hepsidin dalam mendiagnosis anemia.Anemia affects 32% of Indonesian teenagers, which means that 3–4 out of 10 of them have the condition. Adolescent anemia will develop into pregnant anemia if it is not treated, which will affect the results for the mother and the newborn and could raise the chance of stunting. Before iron is distributed and stored as reserves (ferritin), hepcidin is a crucial hormone that controls systemic iron homeostasis. A test of hepcidin can distinguish between iron deficiency anemia and anemia of chronic disease. The purpose of this study is to examine the variations in hepcidin levels between teenage girls who are anemic and those who are not. This study uses a cross-sectional comparative approach and is of the observational analytical kind. Female students in their late teens attending Baiturrahmah University in Padang made up the study's sample. Requirements for inclusion include not having a history of diabetes mellitus, kidney illness, hemoglobinopathy, or smoking. Using a sequential sampling procedure, 36 individuals were selected, 18 of whom had anemia and the remaining 18 of whom did not. Hepcidin levels are derived from the outcomes of the ELISA method used to measure the serum hepcidin-25. The statistical test used is the Mann-Whitney test because the data is not normally distributed. The results showed that the average hepcidin level in the anemia group was lower than the hepcidin level in the non-anemia group (0,43±0,1 ng/ml vs 0,46±0,09 ng/ml. Statistical tests showed that there was no significant difference between hepcidin levels in the anemia group and the non-anemia group (p=0,43). The conclusion was that there was no significant relationship between hepcidin levels and anemia in adolescents. It is recommended that further research be conducted on hepcidin and other biomarkers that affect the action of hepcidin and the need to consider hepcidin testing in diagnosing anemia.