What do stakeholders understand of the links between diet and terrestrial biodiversity loss? A systematic review of the literature

Abstract

The topics of biodiversity loss and dietary impact have received extensive individual scrutiny within the scientific community. However, there is a notable gap in understanding the level of awareness among stakeholders regarding the impact of dietary choices on biodiversity. Using a systematic review approach, this paper will identify how different stakeholders perceive and engage with the interconnected dynamics of biodiversity conservation and dietary choice. Following systematic processes, 26 articles were identified as suitable for inclusion in a qualitative synthesis. Results delineated four distinct stakeholder categories: consumers, Indigenous populations, producers and policymakers, each with a unique understanding of the relationship between biodiversity and diet. This variation is more pronounced in regions where food sourcing is more closely linked to local environmental conditions and reflects cultural identities. In developed countries, consumer behaviour tends to prioritise individual autonomy in dietary choices, posing significant implications for biodiversity conservation. Indigenous communities view themselves as essential elements of the environment, upholding collective culture, emphasising community, heritage and shared values in conservation efforts. Producers play a critical role in preserving terrestrial biodiversity through informed land management decisions, and policymakers lead by enacting policies aligned with conservation goals and discontinuing harmful subsidies. This systematic review reveals a strong consensus among stakeholders on the critical link between biodiversity and dietary practices, highlighting the importance of traditional food systems, consumer education and policy support in promoting sustainable diets that protect biodiversity. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.