Health Awareness as a Motivator: A Grounded Theory Analysis of Diabetes Self-Management in Northeastern Thailand

Abstract

Introduction: People who are of Northeastern Thailand are at higher risk of diabetes-related complications compared to those in other regions of Thailand. Lifestyle changes emphasizing self-management activities are the best way to prevent or delay the onset of serious complications. This study aimed to explore and understand the experiences of individuals managing diabetes in Northeastern Thailand, emphasizing their self-management strategies and the factors that impact their success. Methods: This study used a qualitative research design to conduct semi-structured interviews with 13 participants diagnosed with diabetes recruited from a primary care setting with purposive and theoretical sampling in 2021-2023. The data were analyzed using Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory methodology to develop a theoretical model of diabetes self-management. Results: The study identified 'Health Awareness as a Motivator' as the core category driving diabetes self-management. Key factors included lifestyle modifications, self-control, and support from family and community. Successful self-management resulted in better glycemic control and an enhanced quality of life. Conclusion: This study adds to the body knowledge of the individual experiences of persons with diabetes for managing blood glucose levels. Health awareness is a central motivator for effective diabetes self-management. Understanding this relationship can inform the development of targeted educational and intervention programs to enhance diabetes management practices. The study provides a comprehensive theoretical model that offers insights into the processes, supports, and outcomes associated with diabetes self-management. Healthcare providers play important roles in applying this model to guide the innovation of lifestyle interventions for enhancing glycemic control.