Microalgal wastewater treatment: A circular economy approach

Abstract

In this chapter, we explore the application of microalgae in wastewater treatment and the advantages of this integrated approach in fulfilling various sustainable development goals via circularity. We highlight how this integration contributes to environmental protection, reduction in chemical usage, and decrease in carbon emissions while fostering a green system that supports the energy, aquaculture, and agriculture sectors. This is achieved by converting the algal biomass generated from wastewater treatment into algae-based biofuel, fish feed, and fertilizer. Additionally, we examine the obstacles and necessary policy support needed to commercialize and expand this field. The role of microalgae in nutrient assimilation, pollutant removal, and biomass production is discussed alongside the technological advancements in cultivation methods, including photobioreactors and hybrid treatment systems. The chapter also delves into the economic and environmental impacts of adopting a circular economy model, highlighting the potential for resource recovery and sustainable development.