Review: Phytochemical activities of Ficus (Moraceae) in Java Island, Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract. Putra KWE, Pitoyo A, Nugroho GD, Rai M, Setyawan AD. 2020. Review: Phytochemical activities of Ficus (Moraceae) in Java Island, Indonesia. Bonorowo Wetlands 10: 98-125. Ficus is a genus of about 850-900 species. Some mention more than 1000 species, making it the largest species in the family of Moraceae. There are approximately 91 species of Ficus found in Java, Indonesia. Some of them have been studied about their traditional uses and phytochemistry. This study aims to know the phytochemical activities of Ficus species in Java. We found at least 40 species of Ficus studied in phytochemistry and biological activities (majority in vitro). Alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, steroids, glycosides, and anthocyanins are found in almost every Ficus. The biological activities include antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity, cytotoxic activity, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities, anti-diabetic activities, hepatoprotective, anti-ulcer activities, wound healing, and other functions. Many species are still unexplored, especially in phytochemistry or pharmaceutical-based folklore. This could be an opportunity to study more deeply in the future.