An Update on Crossmatch Techniques in Transplantation

Abstract

Crossmatch techniques formulated nearly a half century ago remain the bedrock of transplantation science. While initial methods relied on complement dependent cytotoxicity. More recently additions to the transplant physician’s immunologic armamentarium have arrived in both cell-based as well as solid phase assays. Flow cytometry is useful in previously sensitized patients while bead technology has revolutionised HLA antibody testing. The virtual crossmatch uses bead technology to detect specific recipient antibodies without requiring donor serum. We present a concise review of the techniques available, their basis and comparison between them so as to better understand their respective applications