Autonomous Short-Term Traffic Flow Prediction Using Pelican Optimization with Hybrid Deep Belief Network in Smart Cities

Abstract

Accurate and timely traffic flow prediction not just allows traffic controllers to evade traffic congestion and guarantee standard traffic functioning, it even assists travelers to take advantage of planning ahead of schedule and modifying travel routes promptly. Therefore, short-term traffic flow prediction utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) techniques has received significant attention in smart cities. This manuscript introduces an autonomous short-term traffic flow prediction using optimal hybrid deep belief network (AST2FP-OHDBN) model. The presented AST2FP-OHDBN model majorly focuses on high-precision traffic prediction in the process of making near future prediction of smart city environments. The presented AST2FP-OHDBN model initially normalizes the traffic data using min–max normalization. In addition, the HDBN model is employed for forecasting the traffic flow in the near future, and makes use of DBN with an adaptive learning step approach to enhance the convergence rate. To enhance the predictive accuracy of the DBN model, the pelican optimization algorithm (POA) is exploited as a hyperparameter optimizer, which in turn enhances the overall efficiency of the traffic flow prediction process. For assuring the enhanced predictive outcomes of the AST2FP-OHDBN algorithm, a wide-ranging experimental analysis can be executed. The experimental values reported the promising performance of the AST2FP-OHDBN method over recent state-of-the-art DL models with minimal average mean-square error of 17.19132 and root-mean-square error of 22.6634.