Developing a Sustainable Strategy for Solid Hazardous Waste Management in Healthcare Facilities: A Case Study from Batam City, Indonesia

Abstract

Healthcare facilities generate hazardous solid waste with substantial volume and high exposure risk, requiring a sustainable management system. This study aimed to develop a sustainable B3 solid waste management strategy that is relevant to local conditions in healthcare facilities. A qualitative approach was employed through in-depth interviews with nine informants drawn from three type-B hospitals in Batam City. Data were analyzed using triangulation techniques and SWOT analysis by constructing the Internal Factors Analysis Summary (IFAS) and External Factors Analysis Summary (EFAS) matrices. The analytical process was further enhanced by a Focus Group Discussion that included both internal and external stakeholders to confirm the results and reach an initial strategic agreement. The results revealed an IFAS score of 1.34 and an EFAS score of 1.46, positioning the B3 solid waste management system in Quadrant I (aggressive strategy), indicating the dominance of internal strengths and external opportunities despite existing technical and human resource limitations. It can be concluded that B3 solid waste management in healthcare facilities has strong strategic potential; however, strengthening technical systems, enhancing human resource capacity, and consistently implementing the 5R principles (reduce, reuse, recycle, recovery, repair) are essential to ensure sustainability and regulatory compliance.