A prospective observational study on cardiovascular risk assessment in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients

Abstract

Objective: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases were the major culprit in diabetic patients with high mortality rate in non-communicable disease worldwide. Present study was conducted to assess cardiovascular risk among type-2 diabetic patients without the history of cardiovascular disease. Methods: The present study was conducted on type-2 diabetes patients without history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the number of samples was 118 (65 male and 53 female) aged between 36 and 74 years in a teaching hospital of southern part of India. The individual patient risk factors were determined. Framingham cardiovascular risk prediction model was used to calculate the 10-year risk for CVD. The relationship between Framingham cardiovascular risk score and individual risk factors was determined using chi-square test. Key findings: Framingham risk score for cardiovascular disease (FRS-CVD) risk assessment model shows 11.01% were at high risk, 33.05% were at intermediate risk, and 55.93% were at low risk for developing CVD in the next 10 years. Visceral adiposity index (VAI), waist circumference, waist height ratio, smoking, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure contributed significantly to high degree of cardiovascular risk. Conclusion: The results of our study concluded that, in this population of patient with type-2 diabetes mellitus, the estimated cardiovascular risk in relationship with the central obesity, but not with glycemic control parameters. The use of CVD assessment tools like Framingham risk score, VAI, and ankle braquial index can prevent the diabetic patient from CVD.