Mobiles de l’Intention Entrepreneuriale : Cas des Etudiant(e)s Universitaires de la Région Rabat -Salé-Kenitra du Maroc

Abstract

Entrepreneurial research has evolved along with growth in entrepreneurial interest and the search for success factors. This explains why some individuals can make it through the process of creating and starting their own companies while others cannot. For a long time, research has assumed that the personal characteristics of the founder were the main origin of these differences (D’Amboise, 1989). Following the first pieces of research in entrepreneurship, the entrepreneurial phenomenon is mainly explained by the character of the “founder”. The advent of procedural approaches in the field of entrepreneurship has endorsed the study of the following questions of "why" and "how" (Fayolle, 2002). This paper focuses on the upstream of the entrepreneurial process, in order to better capture the mobile aspects at the origin of the entrepreneurial intention. An exploratory study was conducted in the field through a questionnaire developed from the literature review on entrepreneurial intention. In addition, a sample of 150 students was used from the third cycle (Bac + 3 and Bac + 5). This refers to those who are considered to be the most likely to move towards the foundation of a company at the end of their training. Also, we based ourselves on the theory of planned behaviour of Ajzen (1991), which considers the desirability of the entrepreneurial exercise as the main determinant that influences the implementation of entrepreneurial activity. La recherche en entrepreneuriat a connu une evolution qui s’est accompagnee par une croissance de l’interet accorde a l’entrepreneur et a la recherche des facteurs de reussite, qui expliquent pourquoi certains individus parviennent a franchir le cap de creation d’entreprise tandis que d’autres n’y arrivent pas. Les recherches ont pendant longtemps suppose que les caracteristiques personnelles de l’individu-createur etaient a l’origine de ces differences (D’Amboise, 1989). Suite aux premieres recherches en entrepreneuriat, le phenomene entrepreneurial est explique principalement par le caractere du createur. L’avenement des approches processuelles dans le champ de l’entrepreneuriat a favorise les etudes qui se posent la question du « pourquoi » et du « comment » (Fayolle, 2002). Dans cette perspective, nous allons nous interesser a l’amont du processus entrepreneurial, afin de mieux apprehender les mobiles a l’origine de l’intention entrepreneuriale. Dans la presente etude, nous allons mener sur le terrain une etude exploratoire a travers un questionnaire elabore a partir de la revue de la litterature sur l’intention entrepreneuriale. Nous nous sommes appuyes sur un echantillon compose de 150 etudiant(e)s du troisieme cycle (Bac+3 et Bac+5), qui sont consideres le plus susceptibles a s’orienter vers la creation d’entreprise a la fin de leurs formations. Aussi, nous nous sommes bases sur la theorie du comportement planifie de Ajzen (1991), qui considere la desirabilite de l’exercice entrepreneurial comme principal determinant qui influence la concretisation de l’activite entrepreneuriale.