Entrepreneurial and Market Orientation as Determinants of Postharvest Factors for Muntok Pepper by Farmers

Abstract

The problem of Muntok Pepper business performance continues to decline due to the inability of farmers to face price uncertainty, recognize and understand market conditions. The fact is that the number of business actors continues to grow. Competing to face changes in the business environment is necessary, so entrepreneurial farmers are needed. This study aims to look at the postharvest process carried out by Muntok Pepper farmers and analyze whether entrepreneurial orientation and market orientation are determinant factors that affect the postharvest handling process. The research method used a survey method involving 60 farmers. Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), data analysis was carried out using smart Partial Least Squares (PLS). The results showed that the postharvest handling process was significantly influenced by entrepreneurial orientation and market orientation, but entrepreneurial orientation influence was greater than market orientation. Farmers carry out postharvest handling of Muntok Pepper in two stages. 50% of farmers carry out threshing, soaking, and drying processes. 50% of farmers do not do the sorting, grading, and milling process. Farmers’ decisions in postharvest handling are more influenced by the influence of the entrepreneurial orientation of farmers. Farmers who are motivated to excel, dare to take risks, and are willing to innovate by using new production methods tend to carry out a good postharvest handling process, not only threshing, soaking, and drying but also sort and process pepper derivative products.Permasalahan kinerja usaha Lada Muntok terus menurun akibat ketidakmampuan petani menghadapi ketidakpastian harga, mengenali dan memahami kondisi pasar. Faktanya, jumlah pelaku usaha terus bertambah. Bersaing untuk menghadapi perubahan lingkungan bisnis sangat diperlukan, sehingga diperlukan petani wirausaha. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat proses pascapanen yang dilakukan oleh petani Lada Muntok dan menganalisis apakah orientasi kewirausahaan dan orientasi pasar merupakan faktor determinan yang mempengaruhi proses penanganan pascapanen. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode survei dengan melibatkan 60 petani. Analisis data dilakukan dengan Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), menggunakan Smart Partial Least Squares (PLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses penanganan pascapanen dipengaruhi secara signifikan oleh orientasi kewirausahaan dan orientasi pasar, namun pengaruh orientasi kewirausahaan lebih besar daripada orientasi pasar. Petani melakukan penanganan pascapanen Lada Muntok dalam dua tahap. 50% petani melakukan proses perontokan, perendaman dan pengeringan. 50% petani tidak melakukan proses sortasi, grading, dan milling. Keputusan petani dalam penanganan pascapanen lebih banyak dipengaruhi oleh pengaruh orientasi kewirausahaan petani. Petani yang termotivasi untuk unggul, berani mengambil risiko, dan mau berinovasi dengan menggunakan metode produksi baru cenderung melakukan proses penanganan pascapanen yang baik, tidak hanya perontokan, perendaman, dan pengeringan tetapi juga pemilahan dan pengolahan produk turunan lada.