Hepatic encephalopathy: An update on the pathophysiology and therapeutic options

Abstract

Hepatic encephalopathy is a spectrum of reversible neuro-psychiatric abnormalities, seen in patients with liver dys-function and/or portosystemic shunting. One of the most debilitating complications of cirrhosis, encephalopathy affects 30–45% of cirrhotics. In addition to significantly affecting the lives of patients and their caregivers, it is also associated with increased morbidity and mortality as well as significant utilization of health care resources. In this paper, we provide an overview on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, management and newer therapies of hepatic encephalopathy.