Indigenous Peoples and the uranium mining sector in northern Saskatchewan

Abstract

When the uranium industry unfolded in northern Saskatchewan, Indigenous Peoples (First Nations and Métis) were largely bystanders to the development of a multi-billion-dollar commercial sector. The unequal distribution of the benefits of mining in the early years resulted in considerable Indigenous dissatisfaction and a desire for a greater role and better return for Indigenous communities. Local pressures, corporate concerns about workforce development, community relations, and Canadian jurisprudence regarding Indigenous legal and treaty rights, convinced the company to respond to First Nations and Métis demands. Over a 20-year period, the company and community partners restructured the flawed relationship, a process highlighted by the negotiation of substantial IBAs that transformed the place of Indigenous Peoples and communities in the sector. While major challenges remain, including those of vulnerability to global market forces, the Indigenous-Cameco relationship has enhanced employment and business opportunities, produced substantial community benefits, and ensured Indigenous communities a more substantial role in the long-term development of uranium in northern Saskatchewan. This chapter reviews the history of Indigenous-Cameco relations, current agreements, and the intersection of corporate and community aspirations for the economic development and environmental protection of the Métis and First Nations homelands.