The Inflammation-Initiating and Resolving Mechanisms and Oxidation: Could Periodontal Therapy and Nutritional Strategy Improve the Systemic Health? A Narrative Review

Abstract

Periodontitis (PDS) is one of the most common and crippling systemic diseases. It is a chronic inflammatory condition that leads to the loss of periodontal attachment, resulting in tooth loss. In addition to its effects on oral health and nutrition, PDS is closely linked to other systemic conditions such as diabetes mellitus (DM), cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The active role of inflammation and oxidation in systemic health, as well as their relationship with periodontal therapy, has been investigated. This review explores the evidence on how periodontal therapy and dietary lifestyle can help reduce chronic inflammation, limit oxidation, and prevent related pathologies. Nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) and nutrition have been extensively discussed as potential contributors to positive clinical outcomes by resolving inflammatory pathogenic pathways. NSPT, foods, and dietary supplements represent therapeutic strategies that address the underlying mechanisms of chronic inflammation and oxidation at various stages. A key finding from this review is that periodontal treatment, in conjunction with nutritional counseling, can improve clinical outcomes in PDS, DM, CVD, and RA. However, for NSPT, nutrition, and dietary composition to be effective, they should be integrated into a sustainable, long-term lifestyle.