Exosomes as a new approach into cell-to-cell communication within the mammalian ovary

Abstract

The ovarian follicle filled with follicular fluid creates an optimal environment for oocyte growth and maturation. Follicular fluid contains a wide range of biologically active molecules that regulate the functions of the oocyte and somatic cells in the ovarian follicle. Recently it has been confirmed that exosomes are present in the follicular fluid of human and animals. These nanosized, spherical structures surrounded by a lipid bilayer, carry an active biological charge as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and genetic material. Due to the ability to passive migration in body fluids, exosomes move a long distances in the body and modulate the function of target cells. The importance of exosomes in the ovarian follicle is still not fully understood. To date their communication role and impact on physiological and pathological processes in the ovary are suggested. Research on follicular fluid derived exosomes provides an opportunity to better understand the processes in which they are involved within the follicle. In addition, the potential clinical application of exosomes, including treatment and diagnosis of female reproductive system diseases, leads scientists to further research.