Reciprocal Interactions Between Periodontal Disease and Alzheimer’s Disease: Implications for Mutual Triggering, Exacerbation, and Treatment Interventions—A Comprehensive Review of the Literature

Abstract

Periodontal health is connected to many systemic diseases, such as cardiovascular, diabetes mellitus, and neurodegenerative diseases. The oral–brain axis has gained increasing interest in the pathogenesis of diseases. Emerging studies have highlighted the potential role of periodontal disease in the development and progression of Alzheimer’s disease. However, Alzheimer’s disease also affects periodontal disease and oral health. In this review, we address the correlation between the two diseases and the mechanisms by which one contributes to the other. Exploring the correlation between Alzheimer’s disease and periodontal disease will assist in better understanding the pathophysiology of diseases and pave the way for the development of therapeutic and preventive strategies.