The cytoplasmic helix of cannabinoid receptor CB2, a conformational study by circular dichroism and 1H NMR spectroscopy in aqueous and membrane-like environments

Abstract

The cytoplasmic helix domain (fourth cytoplasmic loop, helix 8) of numerous G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) such as rhodopsin and the β-adrenergic receptor exhibit unique structural and functional characteristics. Computer models also predict this structure for the cannabinoid CB2 receptor, another member of the GPCR superfamily. In our study, a peptide corresponding to helix 8 of the CB2 receptor was synthesized chemically and its secondary structure determined by circular dichroism (CD) and 1H NMR spectroscopy. NMR and CD revealed an α-helical structure in this region in both dodecylphosphocholine micelles and dimethylsulfoxide, in contrast to a random coil configuration found in aqueous solvent. This finding is in good agreement with other previous GPCR structural studies including X-ray crystallography. By combining our finding with other studies, we further hypothesize that the amphipathic nature of helix 8 can play a significant role in the function and regulation of CB receptors as well as other GPCRs in general.