Toxicity of Single and Mixtures of Antibiotics to Cyanobacteria

Abstract

Persistent pain and swelling in the anterior part of the upper ankle are encountered very frequently in sports traumatology. Classically, in the patient with a long history of typical anterior ankle pain there is no instability, but pinching effects, a sense of impingement, blocking and a feeling of unsteadiness combined with a certain restriction of movement due to the pathology. By analogy with the anatomical structures, various pathologic changes can lead to the classic clinical symptoms: adhesions, cicatrices, meniscoid-type lesions, osteophytes with synovitis, folds, fibrotic subcutaneous fatty tissue, free arthroliths, osteochondral lesions and arthrotic changes. When long-term conservative therapy has not provided a cure for the clinical syndrome surgical intervention becomes necessary. Arthroscopic interventions were carried out in a total of 21 patients, with follow-up times between 6 and 36 months. About two-thirds of all the patients showed good or very good results, while in one-third the results were unsatisfactory, mainly because of degenerative changes. An precise diagnosis is essential, but the significance of a pathologic change as the cause of symptoms can be problematical.