Carbon potentiometric sensors modified with beta-cyclodextrin as a carrier for the determination of bisoprolol fumarate

Abstract

Beta-cyclodextrin (BCD) has been used as electroactive material for preparing carbon paste electrodes (CPEs) selective for bisoprolol fumarate (BPF). The paste incorporating BCD, graphite, and o-NPOE as a solvent mediator in weight percent ratio (1.4:69.6: 29.0) for electrode I. Another mode of preparation was made by mixing different ratios of graphene and graphite with BCD and o-NPOE or TCP as a plasticizer for electrodes II and III, respectively. The developed electrodes I, II and III show divalent Nernstian response of 28.2±0.85, 29.2±0.34 and 29.4±0.33 mV decade-1 over the concentration ranges 1.0x10-5 - 1.0x10-2, 1.0x10-6 - 1.0x10-2 and 1.0x10-5 - 1.0x10-2mol L-1, respectively. The electrodes were independent on pH changes in the range 3.05-7.17 for electrode I and 3.50-7.15 for electrodes II and III, respectively. The developed electrodes show good selectivity and have been used for the quantitative determination of BPF in pure, pharmaceutical samples and biological fluids.