Evaluation of haemoglobin and cytochrome responses during forearm ischaemia using multi-wavelength time domain NIRS

Abstract

We demonstrate the ability of a 16-wavelength time domain near-infrared spectroscopy system to monitor changes in oxy- and deoxy haemoglobin ([HbO2] [HHb]) and the oxidation of cytochrome-c-oxidase ([oxCCO]), during forearm ischaemia. We tested two methods to retrieve the concentration changes. The first uses the measured changes in light attenuation and the modified Beer-Lambert law, and the second uses the absorption and scattering estimated by the measured time-point spread function. The system is able to retrieve the concentration changes with both methods, giving similar results. At the end of forearm ischaemia (t = 5 min), we measured an increase in [HHb] of 16.77 ± 2.52 and 16.37 ± 2.33 μMol, and a decrease in [HbO2] of −6.12 ± 1.62 and −5.57 ± 2.02 μMol for method 1 and 2, respectively. At that same time, the changes in [oxCCO] were −0.36 ± 0.33 and −1.40 ± 1.20 μMol, for method 1 and 2, respectively. These small changes in [oxCCO], despite a huge change in haemoglobin, demonstrate the absence of cross-talk and are comparable to previous measurements using broadband NIRS.