Electrochemical (bio)sensors: promising tools for green analytical chemistry

Abstract

Nowadays, materials, solvents, and techniques are being used in accordance with the principles of green analytical chemistry for the development and application of electrochemical (bio)sensors. Electrodes prepared from nontoxic materials, eco-friendly solvents and reagents, and methodologies that make it possible the reduction of the sample size and the amount of waste products are being used with the main objective of minimizing the environmental impact. These aspects are briefly discussed in this short review through addressing the state of the art of electrochemical (bio)sensors in connection with the green chemistry. The relevant aspects related to the different items are considered with some illustrative examples taken from the recent literature. With the aim of providing suitable complete information, a table summarizing the fundamentals and analytical characteristics of some configurations is included in the Supporting Information.