When the line is crossed... Paths to control and sanction behaviour necessitating a state reaction

Abstract

This article provides an overview of the various forms of proceedings available within 11 European criminal justice systems and reflects upon their core features. It also provides a picture of how far alternative, non-criminal proceedings are used by some of the systems as a different path to imposing a state reaction upon wrong-doers. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.