Stem Bark of Canarium odontophyllum Miq. (Dabai) as Potential Source of Antimicrobial Agent

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of methanol, acetone and distilled water stem bark extracts from Canarium odontophyllum against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Bacillus cereus ATCC 6633, Escherichia coli ATCC 25932, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Acinetobacter baumannii strain sensitive, Candida albicans ATCC 64677, Candida glabrata ATCC 90028, Aspergillus niger and Fusarium solani M2781. The extracts from C. odontophyllum stem bark from 3.125 mg/ml to 25 mg/ml were screened against the tested microorganisms using disc diffusion method. The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of the extracts against susceptible organisms were determined using microbroth dilution method and streak-plate technique, respectively. From the antibacterial screening assay, the growth of S. aureus, B. cereus and A. baumannii were inhibited by methanol extract whereas the acetone extract was capable of inhibiting all the tested microorganisms except E.coli, F. solani and A. niger. The lowest MIC value for methanol extract was against A. baumannii (0.195 mg/ml) whereas its MBC value was twice its MIC value (0.391 mg/ml), indicating that methanol extract was bacteriostatic against A. baumannii. While for acetone extract, S. aureus showed bactericidal effect with equal MIC and MBC values at 0.195 mg/ ml. In conclusion, stem bark of C. odontophyllum has the potential to be the source of antibacterial agent and can be exploited as an alternative phytoantimicrobial. Keywords: Canarium odontophyllum; antimicrobial; stem bark extract; MIC; MBC ABSTRAK Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk menilai potensi antimikrob bagi ekstrak metanol, aseton dan akeus daripada kulit dahan Canarium odontophyllum ke atas Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Bacillus cereus ATCC 6633, Escherichia coli ATCC 25932, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Acinetobacter baumannii jenis sensitif, Candida albicans ATCC 64677, Candida glabrata ATCC 90028, Aspergillus niger dan Fusarium solani M2781. Ekstrak daripada dahan C. odontophyllum pada kepekatan 3.125 mg/ml sehingga 25 mg/ml telah disaringkan ke atas sembilan mikroorganisma kajian menggunakan kaedah resapan cakera. Kepekatan perencatan minima (MIC) dan kepekatan bakterisidal minima (MBC) ekstrak terhadap organisma rentan telah ditentukan menggunakan kaedah pencairan mikrokaldu dan teknik coretan plat, masing-masing. Daripada ujian saringan antibakteria, pertumbuhan S. aureus, B. cereus dan A. baumannii direncat oleh ekstrak metanol manakala ekstrak aseton mampu merencat kesemua mikroorganisma kajian kecuali E.coli, F. solani dan A. niger. Nilai MIC yang terendah bagi ekstrak metanol ialah terhadap A. baumannii (0.195 mg/ml) manakala nilai MBC adalah dua kali nilai MIC (0.391 mg/ml), bererti ekstrak metanol bersifat bakteriostatik ke atas A. baumannii. Ekstrak aseton pula, menunjukkan kesan bakterisidal terhadap S. aureus dengan nilai MIC dan MBC yang sama iaitu 0.195 mg/ ml. Kesimpulannya, dahan C. odontophyllum berpotensi untuk dijadikan sumber agen antimikrob dan boleh dieksploit sebagai alternatif agen fitoantimikrob.