Comprehensive Productivity Performance and Environment-Friendly Cultivation of Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L. var. Enrekang) through Integrated Spatial-Temporal Geographic Information System

Abstract

—Sustainability and inclusivity of the food system are concerned with global hunger closure and are critical to aligning the world’s development goals. Boosting crop yields and satisfactory commodity production improves economic-driven productivity, reduces poverty, and guarantees food. This study’s primary objective is to represent a significantly, comprehensively, and comparatively assessed productivity performance and environment-friendly cultivation of Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L. var. Enrekang). Hence, we propose a sophisticated geographic information system and technology by integrating in-situ properties and a multispectral-spatial-temporal dataset from Sentinel-2 MSI with a spherical-scale analysis of the Google Earth Engine (GEE). Environtment-physical characteristics of Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L. var. Enrekang) are treated as geology and geomorphology, water resources, soil parameters (permeability, pH, C-organic, soil colour-type), and land use land change (LULC). In contrast, growth performance was observed from 2019 until 2024. Research results show that the number of Shallot crop areas stood at 90% of the vegetation area of 117.56 km2 in the Anggeraja sub-district. However, the vegetation area has lost 13, 5 % or 101, 717 km2 in 2024. Environment-friendly cultivation needs productivity harvested area and conservation like terraced in Batu Noni village. Moreover, the optimal temperature for comprehensive productivity performance in shallot plants is between 20° and 30°. The sun’s intensity gives 12 hours of exposure in the summer (June-July-August).