(+)-Hydrastine, a potent competitive antagonist at mammalian GABA(A) receptors

Abstract

1. (+)-Hydrastine is a phthalide isoquinoline alkaloid, isolated from Corydalis stricta. It has the same 1S,9R configuration as the competitive GABA(A) receptor antagonist bicuculline and is the enantiomer of the commercially available (-)-hydrastine. 2. (+)-Hydrastine (CD50 0.16 mg kg-1, i.v.) was twice as potent as bicuculline (CD50 0.32 mg kg-1, i.v.) as a convulsant in mice. This action was stereoselective in that (+)-hydrastine was 180 times as potent as (-)-hydrastine. 3. (+)-Hydrastine was a selective antagonist at bicuculline-sensitive GABA(A) receptors in the guinea-pig isolated ileum. It did not influence phaclofen-sensitive GABA(B) receptors or acetylcholine receptors in this tissue. (+)-Hydrastine was a competitive antagonist of GABA(A) responses (pA2 6.5) more potent than bicuculline (pA2 6.1). When tested against the binding of [3H]-muscimol to high affinity GABA(A) binding sites in rat brain membranes, (+)-hydrastine (IC50 2.37 μM) was 8 times more potent than bicuculline (IC50 19.7 μM). 5. As an antagonist of the activation of low affinity GABA(A) receptors as measured by the stimulation by GABA of [3H]-diazepam binding to rat brain membranes, (+)-hydrastine (IC50 0.4 μM) was more potent than bicuculline (IC50 2.3 μM). 6. (+)-Hydrastine, 10 nM to 1 mM, did not inhibit the binding of [3H]-(-)-baclofen to GABA(B) binding sites in rat brain membranes.