Hydrogen bond directed highly regioselective palladium-catalyzed allylic substitution

Abstract

The palladium-catalyzed allylic substitution of 5-vinyloxazolidinones and derivatives was investigated. Unusual and high regioselectivity for the branched product was observed. The regioselectivity was influenced by the type of substrate, the solvents, and the nucleophile, Imide-type nucleophiles were found to be directed to the internal carbon (branched:linear, 75:25 to >98:2), whereas sulfonamides, amines, and malonates added only to the terminal carbon of the allyl complex, Relatively nonpolar solvents such as toluene and THF favored the branched product (97:3 and 95:5, respectively). Acetonitrile and dichloromethane afforded lower regioselectivity (50:50 and 67:33, respectively), and the use of the protic solvent ethanol resulted in reversal of the regioselectivity (12:88). The directing group on the substrate was important. Amides afforded almost complete formation of the branched product, and carbamates gave a 50:50 mixture of regioisomers with phthalimide as the nucleophile. Evidence for direction of the nucleophile via hydrogen bonding was obtained by replacing the hydrogen of the amide with a methyl, resulting in the production of only the normal linear product.